Girmitiyas (Bhojpuri: ; Oriya ଗିରମିଟିଆ ପ୍ରଥା) oder Jahajis war die Bezeichnung für eine Gruppe von Indentur indentured laborers from British India transported to work on Plantagen in Fidschi, Südafrika, Ostafrika (Mauritius, Seychellen, Réunion, Tansania, Kenia und Uganda), Malaysia, Singapur und der Karibik (Trinidad und Tobago, Guyana und Suriname) as part of the Indian indenture system.
Etymologie Bearbeiten
The word girmit represented an Indian pronunciation of the English language word "agreement" - from the indenture "agreement" of the British Government with Indian labourers.[1] The agreements specified the workers' length of stay in foreign parts and the conditions attached to their return to the British Raj.[2] The word Jahāj refers to 'ship' in Indic languages (from the Arabic/Persian Jahāz/جهاز), with Jahaji implying 'people of ship' or 'people coming via ship'.[3]
In Fidschi, Governor Arthur Hamilton-Gordon discouraged Melanesian Fijians from working on the plantations in an attempt to preserve their culture.[1] Activist Shaneel Lal argues that Girmitiya were deceitfully enslaved by the British.[4]
- ↑ a b Girmit History|url=http://www.fijigirmit.org/history.htm%7Caccess-date=2020-11-10%7Cwebsite=www.fijigirmit.org
- ↑ Article 2|url=http://www.fijigirmit.org/a_girmit_an_introduction.htm%7Caccess-date=2020-11-10%7Cwebsite=www.fijigirmit.org}}
- ↑ Brij V. Lal: Chalo Jahaji – on a journey through indenture in Fiji|url=http://girmitiya.girmit.org/new/index.php/articles/dr-brij-lal/chalo-jahaji/%7Curl-status=live%7Carchive-url=%7Carchive-date=%7Caccess-date=2021-01-15%7Cwebsite=New Girmit.org
- ↑ Shaneel Lal: The Royal Family stole my ancestors |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/shaneel-lal-queens-death-black-brown-and-indigenous-communities-are-mourning-their-ancestors-and-culture/JVUO5BWKSUPPDN26VEYFA5YKSQ/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=NZ Herald