Die Bayad (ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠥᠠ, mongolisch Баяд/Bayad, wörtl. „Die Reichen“) ist die drittgrößte Untergruppe der Mongol people in modern Mongolei and they are a tribe in Four Oirats. Baya'ud were a prominent clan within the Mongol Empire. Baya'ud can be found in both Mongolic and Turkic peoples. Within Mongols, the clan is spread through Khalkha, Inner Mongolians, Buryats and Oirats.
Geschichte
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Der Clanname Baya'ud appears among the Mongols, while the ethnonym Bayid appears in Central Siberia. Only the latter appears to be connected to the modern Bayad people of western Mongolia. A common clan name does not mean common origin , the clan names Bayad and Baya’ud are differentiated. The Bayads appear to be Siberian peoples subjugated by the Dorbod tribe of the Oirats. Like all the Oirat tribes, the Bayads were not a consanguineal unit but a political-ethnographic one, formed of at least 40 different yasu, or patrilineages, of the most diverse origins.[1]
It is also mentioned that the Bayads are presumably of Siberian Turkic origin, as the Bayad clan name is attested in Siberia from early times.[2][3]
Notable members
Bearbeiten- Köke Temür - general of the Yuan dynasty
- Bulughan Khatun - favorite wife of Ilkhan Abagha
- Kököchin - principal wife of Ilkhan Ghazan, who was escorted from Khanbaliq (Beijing) to Persia by Marco Polo
- Givaan the Hero of the People's Republic of Mongolia
- Jambyn Batmönkh - a Mongolian communist political leader, in 1984 - 1990 head of Mongolia.
- Khorloogiin Bayanmönkh - Mongolian best wrestler of the 20th century in Mongolian wrestling and 1975 freestyle wrestling world champion.
- Norovyn Altankhuyag - Prime Minister of Mongolia, 2012–2014 Democratic Party (Mongolia)
- Mishigiin Sonompil - Member of Parliament
Modern demographics
BearbeitenToday, Bayads are settled in the districts of Khyargas, Malchin, Tes, Züüngovi, Baruunturuun and Naranbulag in the province of Uvs. According to the census taken in 2000, 50,824 Bayads currently live in Mongolia.[4]
References
BearbeitenLiterature
Bearbeiten- [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2008_r.htm Хойт С.К. Антропологические характеристики калмыков по данным исследователей XVIII-XIX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 1. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 220-243.]
- [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2012_r.htm Хойт С.К. Калмыки в работах антропологов первой половины XX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 3, 2012. с. 215-245.]
See also
Bearbeiten- Bayat (tribe) (Turkic)
- Bayad tribe (India)
- Bayat tribe (Arabic)
[[Category:Mongol peoples]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Mongolia]] [[Category:Oirats]] [[Category:Darlikin Mongols]]
- ↑ Archived copy. Archiviert vom am 12. Januar 2021; abgerufen am 10. Januar 2021 (englisch).
- ↑ David Sneath, Christopher Kaplonski: Atwood, C. (2006) 'Titles, Appanages, Marriages and Officials: A Comparison of Political Forms in the Zünghar and Thirteenthcentury Mongol Empires'. Brill, 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-21635-8 (englisch, brill.com).
- ↑ David Sneath: [https://books.google.com/books?id=v_V5DwAAQBAJ&q=presumably+of+Siberian+Turkic+origin%2C+as+the+Bayad+clan+name+is+attested+in+Siberia+from+early+times%29+and+the+Khotong+%28of+Turkestani+origin%29+%E2%80%93 |title=The History of Mongolia (3 Vols.) |last2=Kaplonski |first2=Christopher |date=2010-05-01 |publisher=Global Oriental |isbn=978-90-04-21635-8
- ↑ Хойт С.К. Последние данные по локализации и численности ойрат // Проблемы этногенеза и этнической культуры тюрко-монгольских народов. Вып. 2. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 136-157. - in Russian. Archiviert vom am 14. März 2012; abgerufen am 1. November 2010.