Arebica (, arabisch عَرَبٖىڄا) ist eine bosnische Variante der Perso-Arabischen Schrift für die Verschriftung des Serbokroatischen (Bosnisch بۉسانسقٖى يەزٖىق). Adschami-Schrift[1] It was used mainly between the 15th and 19th centuries and is frequently categorized as part of Aljamiado literature. Before World War I there were unsuccessful efforts by Bosnian Muslims to adopt Arebica as the third official alphabet for Bosnian alongside Latin and Cyrillic.
Apart from literature, Arebica was used in religious schools and administration, though in much less use than other scripts.
Entstehung Bearbeiten
Arebica was based on the Perso-Arabic script of the Ottoman Empire, with added letters for , and , which are not found in Arabic, Persian or Turkish. Full letters were eventually introduced for all vowels (as with Kurdish Arabic script), making Arebica a true alphabet, unlike its Perso-Arabic base.
The final version of Arebica was devised by Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević at the end of the 19th century. His version is called Matufovica, Matufovača or Mektebica.
Contemporary use Bearbeiten
The first literary work to be published in Arebica for 64 years (since 1941) was a comic book "Hadži Šefko i hadži Mefko" in 2005 (authors Amir Al-Zubi and Meliha Čičak-Al-Zubi). The authors made slight modifications to Arebica.
The first book in Arebica with an ISBN was "Epohe fonetske misli kod Arapa i arebica" ("The Age of Phonetic Thought of Arabs and Arebica")[2] in April 2013 in Belgrade by Aldin Mustafić, MSc.
This book represents the completion of the standardization of Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević's version, and is also a textbook for higher education.
Alphabet Bearbeiten
The final version of Arebica alphabet was devised at the end of the 19th century by Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević.
| Latin | Cyrillic | Arebica | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contextual forms | Isolated | ||||
| Final | Medial | Initial | |||
| A a | А а | ـآ | آ | ||
| B b | Б б | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | ب |
| C c | Ц ц | ـڄ | ـڄـ | ڄـ | ڄ |
| Č č | Ч ч | ـچ | ـچـ | چـ | چ Vorlage:Ref |
| Ć ć | Ћ ћ | ||||
| D d | Д д | ـد | د | ||
| Dž dž | Џ џ | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ج Vorlage:Ref |
| Đ đ | Ђ ђ | ||||
| E e | Е е | ـە | ە | ||
| F f | Ф ф | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | ف |
| G g | Г г | ـغ | ـغـ | غـ | غ |
| H h | Х х | ـح | ـحـ | حـ | ح |
| I i | И и | ـاٖى ـٖى |
ـاٖىـ ـٖىـ |
اٖىـ | اٖى Vorlage:Ref |
| J j | Ј ј | ـي | ـيـ | يـ | ي |
| K k | К к | ـق | ـقـ | قـ | ق |
| L l | Л л | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | ل |
| Lj lj | Љ љ | ـڵ | ـڵـ | ڵـ | ڵ |
| M m | М м | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | م |
| N n | Н н | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | ن |
| Nj nj | Њ њ | ـںٛ | ـٮٛـ | ٮٛـ | ںٛ Vorlage:Ref |
| O o | О о | ـۉ | ۉ | ||
| P p | П п | ـپ | ـپـ | پـ | پ |
| R r | Р р | ـر | ر | ||
| S s | С с | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | س |
| Š š | Ш ш | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ش |
| T t | Т т | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | ت |
| U u | У у | ـۆ | ۆ | ||
| V v | В в | ـو | و | ||
| Z z | З з | ـز | ز | ||
| Ž ž | Ж ж | ـژ | ژ | ||
Notes
- Vorlage:Note The diacritic beneath the ا appears on the letter preceding the ى.
- Vorlage:Note Mustafić uses ڃ and ݩ instead of
and 
for Ć ć/Ћ ћ and Nj nj/Њ њ . - Vorlage:Note Mustafić uses ݗ and Al-Zubi and Čičak-Al-Zubi use ڠ for Đ đ/Ђ ђ.
Ligatures Bearbeiten
Like the standard Arabic alphabet, when ا connects to either ل or ڵ a special ligature is used instead.
| Latin | Cyrillic | Arebica | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contextual forms | Isolated | ||||
| Final | Medial | Initial | |||
| la | ла | ـلا | لا | ||
| lja | ља | ـڵا | ڵا | ||
Text examples Bearbeiten
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1 Bearbeiten
| Bosnian (Arebica): | Vorlage:Big |
| Bosnian (Latinica): | Sva ljudska bića rađaju se slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima. Ona su obdarena razumom i sviješću i treba da jedno prema drugome postupaju u duhu bratstva. |
| English: | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
Tehran Bearbeiten
| Bosnian (Arebica): | Vorlage:Big |
| Bosnian (Latinica): | Teheran je glavni i najveći grad Irana, sjedište Teheranske pokrajine i jedan od najvećih gradova svijeta. |
| English: | Tehran is the capital and largest city of Iran, capital of Tehran Province and one of the largest cities in the world. |
See also Bearbeiten
- Aljamiado
- Sevdah
- Belarusian Arabic alphabet, another script used by Slavic-speaking Muslims
- Chirvat-türkisi
- Gaj's Latin alphabet
- Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi
- Category:Arabic alphabets
Weblinks Bearbeiten
- Ottoman Turkish / Arabic keyboard (including Bosnian characters)
- UDHR in Arebica (Bosnian)
- Adnan Tufekčić, Arebica in Bosnia – Short Notes and One Review: From the Treasury of Bosnian Authentic Syncretism, Spirit of Bosnia No 15 (04), 2020
Einzelnachweise Bearbeiten
Literatur Bearbeiten
- Enciklopedija leksikografskog zavoda, entry: Arabica. Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod, Zagreb, 1966
[[Category:Bosnian language]] [[Category:Arabic alphabets]]