English: Original description: A synthetizing book, which have been published on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Institute of Ethnology SAS. It focuses on the history of this foremost ethnological institution in Slovakia. Systematically, it uncovers its trajectory in previous 7 decades and its transformation to the modern ethnological and socio-cultural anthropological research institute. In a well-arranged way, the readers will acquaint themselves with crucial time periods, projects, works and personalities related to the institute. The publication focuses on different historical eras, while taking appropriate contexts and relations into account. The authors have drawn their findings on archival materials and interviews, as well as on unique data from Central archive of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.